RJP:CivilWar:chronology
http://www.rjplincs.plus.com/oriwxs5CivilWarLincs(chron.htm Latest edit 14 Oct 2007.
©2006 R.J.PENHEY
RJP’s Archive
Bourne History
The Civil War
in
Chronology of Dates and Events
Further
development of this page appears on the new site, Bourne Archive.
The purpose of
this page is to bring notes together from various sources to show any patterns
of activity of which each detail may form a part.
Go to - References Chronology Years 1640 1641 1642 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648
The
letters in bold refer to the following references:
B Birkbeck, J.D. A
History of Bourne, (1976)
BB Bennett, S. & Bennett, N. An Historical Atlas of
BCW British Civil Wars web
site.
CB Brears, C. A Short History of
CD Davies, C. Stamford and the Civil War (1992) ISBN 1-871615-29-1
EB Encyclopaedia Britannica
(1962)
FNQ Sweeting,
W.D. ed. Fenland Notes and Queries
(late nineteenth century periodical)
G Garner, A.A. Boston and the Great Civil War (1972)
ISBN 0-902662-56-2
H Holmes, C. Seventeenth-Century
M Martin, J.D. The Cartularies and Registers of
P Palmer, A. & V. The
Chronology of British History from 250,000 BC to the Present Day. (1992)
ISBN 0-7126-2173-3
PR Foster, C.W. ed, The
Parish Registers of Bourne in the County of Lincoln 1562-1650, Lincolnshire
Record Society (1921)
PT Thompson, P. The History and Antiquities of
SLHI The South
Lincolnshire Historical Institute web site (This site now appears to be
closed. This information is therefore un-referenced.)
SG S. Gunton The History of the Church of
V
Varley, J. The Parts of Kesteven: Studies in Law and
Local Government.
WW Wheeler, W.H. A
History of the Fens of
The bold letters in the table are followed
by the relevant page numbers or in the case of FNQ, the article number.
(P) indicates
Parliamentarian.
(R) indicates
Royalist.
Maps of the
distribution of control are included by courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.
Some of the
places mentioned are located by links to the Ordnance Survey site by kind permission
of the copyright owner of these maps, Ordnance Survey. © Crown copyright.
If
your computer blocks popups, the Ordnance Survey map may not appear
automatically. Click on the ‘go’ button by the grid reference.
The following
are links to a national Civil War chronology (T), year by year. 1642: 1643: 1644: 1645: 1646: 1647: 1648: 1649: 1650: 1651:
The British
Civil Wars, Commonwealth and Protectorate (BCW)
set of
chronologies 1638 to 60.
The British
Civil Wars, Commonwealth and Protectorate (BCW)
Lincolnshire
actions.
There are links
to documents dealing with this period on the FNQ page.
On the BoAr site the
faulty links on this page have been cleaned up.
In the following Chronology table,
click on <
to go to the start of the previous year. Click on > to go to the start of the next year. Click on * for Go to options.
WW Drainage
schemes were produced in greater number as the 17th century
progressed, many coming to fruition in the 1630s.
WW 128: Sutton Marsh granted to Duke of Lenox with
power to embank & inclose.
Aug 20 BCW: Scottish Covenanter army invaded
Nov 3 P 177: Long Parliament met
under leadership of Pym.
9 H 152: Sir John Wray presented a petition re. loss of commoners’ lands.
19 H 152: Earl Lincoln [Theophilus Clinton, 4th Earl of Lincoln
(1600-1667)] presented a petition against Earl
Lindsey’s drainage scheme.
Apr H 153: Enclosures
broken down in Pinchbeck.
16 H 142: Holes, MP for Grimsby, advocated war with Scotland and was expelled from
Parliament.
May 12 P 178: Strafford
executed.
Summer H 152-3: Serious
unrest in Holland
Fen & Lindsey Level over loss of rights. (See BB 72-3 for the
drainage scheme areas. For greater detail, see WW Chapter VII.)
Aug mid H 153-4: Harvest appropriated by Donington
fenmen from land appropriated by Lord Lindsey’s adventurers.
Nov 27 H 142: Palmer, MP for
H
143:
H
143:
Oct H 152: Sanderson
preached against “covies of new doctrines spring up”.
Dec 27 SG84: 12 bishops of whom the Bishop of
Peterborough was one, arrested, charged with treason and confined in the Tower.
WW 296-7: Vermuiden and Burrell
produced separate schemes for drainage.
Jan 11 BCW: Sir John Hotham commissioned to secure
the magazine at
31 BCW: Hotham’s son and the East Riding Train
bands secured
Feb 23 BCW:
Mar H 154: Sheriff
Heron confronted fen
rioters at Boston.
Apr 23 BCW: Hotham refused entry to
28 FNQ 760: Report of Cromwell’s
forces smashing glass etc. in
Peterborough Cathedral.
May H 145-6: Lincs
became important in forming a territorial link between Hull and the
centre of Parliamentarian power.
28 H 146: Lord
Willoughby of Parham (P) was newly appointed Lord Lieutenant of
28 H 146: Committee to implement the Militia Ordinance set
up.
30 BCW:
by
end H 154-5: Drained lands, in effect returned to fen. Authorities
humiliated.
WW 207: ‘A
little before Edgehill’ commoners of East, West and Wildmore Fens near Boston
demolished the adventurers’ works after the latter had been in possession for 7
years.
Summer H 146-7: Allegiances
fragmented in
Jun H155: Reversal
of fen drainage spread to Axholme and the Marsh.
6 BCW: Parliament declared the Earl of Lindsey a
public enemy of the state, for supporting the King.
6 G
1:
7 G
1:
8 G
1:
10 G
1:
19 PT
81:
22 FNQ 760: Report
of Royalist force rounding up Parliamentarian raiders near Sleaford.
Jul 10 BCW: First military action of the war at Hull.
12 H 147: The king well
received in Lincoln.
12 H 148:
18 PT
81: High Sheriff of Lincs
petitioned Parliament to comply with the king’s wishes.
26 PT
81:
30 BCW: Siege of
Aug 1 BCW: The earl of Lindsey appointed
Lieutenant-General of the King’s army.
16 BCW: The King secured the arms and ammunition
of the
22 H 159: The king raised his standard at Nottingham. T. Lister (P) arrested at Colby
Hall by the king’s orders.
24 G
12: Royalists had news of the
capture by Newarkers (R), of a train of 80 pack horses loaded with ammunition
intended for Manchester (P) at
29 PT
82: News of capture of Royalists
landed from a ship at Skegness reached
Sep PT 83: Sir Edward Heron, High Sherriff of Lincs
captured and taken via
Early G
12:
1 PT
82: Royalist gun-running ship
brought into
1 FNQ 758: Bishop of Ely arrested
and similar activity around
2 P 179: Public stage plays banned by Parliament nationally.
6 FNQ 1113: Royalists captured from ships at Skegness
arrived in
19 PT
81: Newspaper report of seizure of
Royalist grain ship with Royalists from
27 H 159: Parliament wanted
Oct 4 H 159: Sheriff’s house, Cressey
Hall had been fortified .
23 P 179: Battle
of Edge Hill. Lord Lindsey killed.
Nov 2 G 6:
22 G
6: Commons allotted money for
speeding Irby’s troops into
Nov/Dec H Lord
Willoughby of Parham (P) strong in
Dec early H In Lord Lindsey’s (R) area (
9 G
6: Ireby (P) passed across the
Humber to
mid H 160: J. Henderson (R) occupied Newark.
18 BCW: Royalist garrison of
[RJP: Henceforth during
the war, if not before this, the lines of the A15 and A16 roads would be a
substitutes for the
25 EB
16/362 Isaac Newton born at Woolsthorpe by
Colsterworth.
Jan early BCW: First edition of Merurius
Aulicus.
H
161: Under Newark
pressure, Gainsborough
fortified for the king.
early H 160: Royalist foraging in Kesteven began.
12 H 161: Royalist
cavalry occupied Grantham.
ca.
12 H 161: Capt. Welby of Spalding (R) crushed by troops from
13 H Crowland
declared for the king and raided Spalding.
16 FNQ 298: Ordinance for the regulation of the Eastern
Association.
late H 161: Belvoir
taken for the king.
Feb P 179: ‘Eastern
Association’, new Parliamentarian
army, organised.
27 BCW: Ballard with 6,000 troops from Lincs,
Notts & Derbys pushed defenders back from outer defences at
28 H 161-5: Parliamentarian
assault on Newark failed. Lincs Parliamentarians generally demoralized.
T Events
of the Second
Battle of Newark.
end FNQ 860: Richard Wyche of Crowland,
having been on the Royalist side at the Siege of Crowland, claimed that he was
so under duress.
Mar FNQ 758: Royalists
outfaced at
21 BCW: Cromwell took
23 BCW: Cavendish and Henderson from
24 H 163: Royalists took Grantham.
Spring PT 84-5: At Grantham, numerous people charged
with high treason for having supported the Parliamentarian side, among them
Irby and Ellis MPs for
H 150: Sir Daniel Deligne of Harlaxton
had retired from his home into obscurity to avoid involvement with either side.
PT 85: Royalists
held Commission of Array at Louth and were surprised by 4 troops (P) of horse
from
Apr PT 84:
by early H 163: Grantham, Stamford and Peterborough taken by
Royalists.
11 H 164:
13 G
6: Report to
13 H
166: Cromwell (P) won a skirmish
against cavalry at Belton.
Hotham’s duplicity
exposed.
22 BCW: Cromwell (P) occupied
22 M
xvi: Robert of Swaffham’s
book saved from the general destruction in Peterborough Cathedral.
about 27 G 7: Ireby (P) captured Crowland so easing
28 BCW: Cromwell (P) captured the Royalist garrison of Crowland.
29 H 165-6: Crowland taken by Cromwell (P).
May beginning FNQ 761: Crowland Royalists abducted
Spalding Royalists.
9 BCW: Troops of Cromwell (P), Willoughby
(P) and Hotham (P) gathered at Sleaford
for an attack on
9 H 166: Cromwell (P) foraged in western Kesteven.
11 BCW:
13
BCW: Early morning attack on
13 BCW: Newarkers (R) attacked Grantham where
Cromwell (P) first showed his skill as a cavalry commander.
13 P 180: Battle
of Grantham: first victory for Cromwell (P) and Eastern Association (P). (Cromwell
coming to notice G 7.)
middle
G 7: Having
taken Crowland, troops (P) were quartered around Sleaford. They then moved on
to subdue Royalist raids from Gainsborough into Lindsey.
Jun CD 15: House of Sir William Armyne (P) at Osgodby,
plundered by Baptist Noel of Exton’s troops from Belvoir
2 BCW: Parliamentarian commanders conferred at
3 G
7: Royalists from Gainsborough,
raiding in Louth, withdrew hastily when defeated by Ireby’s force.
13 H 167-8: At Donington, Newarkers
(R), foraging at Donington, ambushed Bostonians en route to reinforcing the
Parliamentarian army at
16 BCW: The Queen arrived at
30 P
180: Adwalton Moor. Fairfax (P)
defeated.
Jul 3 BCW: The Queen left
16 G
7:
24 H 168: Royalists at Burghley House
surrendered to Cromwell.
24 CD
15: Sir Wingfield Bodenham (R) of
Ryhall taken prisoner at Burghley
20 T Earl of
27 BCW: Cromwell (P) and Meldrum (P) made a
rendezvous at North
Scarle, SK850670.
27 G
7: Cromwell and Meldrum beat
Cavendish (killed) but
30 G
7:
28 P 180: Battle
of Gainsborough. Cromwell (P) wins.
28 BCW: Cromwell (P) and Meldrum (P) Beat
Cavendish (R) at Gainsborough but withdraw under threat from
30 BCW:
30 T Earl of
Newcastle at Grantham.
Jul/Aug H Royalists
raised taxes in Bourne.
PT 85: Lord
Willoughby of Parham had his headquarters in
Aug 6 G 7-10: Willoughby
of Parham at
8 G
10:
10 G
13:
10 BCW: The Earl of Manchester made commander of
the Eastern Association’s army and ordered to stop
mid BCW: Lestrange at
23 H 170: Lynn
declared for the King and received no support.
28 BCW: Fairfax (P) left Beverley as Newcastle
(R) moved to lay siege to
29 PT
86:
to end of year PT 85:
Sep 2 BCW:
15 H 170: Lynn (R) surrendered.
16 BCW:
18 G
13: Transfer of
19-26 G
13: Parliament had naval supremacy
in the
20 H
22 BCW: Cromwell (P) brought supplies to
24 G
13-14:
26 G
13: transfer of 400 infantry into
26 BCW:
c.27 G 14: Skirmish at Horncastle as the cavalry
(P) was attacked.
28 G
14: Enquiry into
Oct 5 BCW: Eastern Association foot under Meldrum
(P) reinforced
6 G
14: Cromwell short of money at
8 PT
83: Parliament
decided that the costs of imprisoning Edward Heron should be defrayed from
goods seized from his house.
9 BCW:
9 H Manchester
left
9 G
14:
10 P 180: Fairfax,
supported by Cromwell’s cavalry, routed royalists at Winceby.
11 H 170-1: Royalists from
11 H 171: Fairfax (P) sallied from
c.14 G
14: Bolingbroke captured by
20 H 171:
2o
on G
14: Manchester (P) drove all cattle
within reach of
H 171: Cromwell
& Fairfax moved into Kesteven skirmishing to prevent incursions from Newark
(R) & Belvoir (R).
H 171: Lord
Willoughby of Parham cleared the Lindsey coast of minor Royalsit garrisons.
24 BCW: Parliament passed an ordinance for the
impressment of troops.
Nov BCW: The focus of activity moved to the south
of
early H
171: Lord Willoughby of Parham
occupied and fortified Brigg; probably against incursions from Gainsborough
(R).
10 G
14:
Dec early G 14:
early PT 88:
14 PR 209: Elizabeth Gee buried in Bourne, having been
“shott by ye souldgeirs”.
20 H 171: Gainsborough taken by Colonel Sir John
Meldrum (P), from
20 BCW: Gainsborough taken by the Earl of
Manchester (P).
29 PT
88: Fairfax left
Folkingham for Nantwich
with 1800 horse and 500 dragoons.
Jan 7 PT
89: Cromwell at
12 H 172: Newarkers raided Harmston
and Waddington,
taking three of Cromwell’s crack troops unawares.
19 BCW: Scottish invasion of
22 G
16: Differences of view between
Cromwell,
26 W Battle of Nantwich.
(perhaps 24 or 25 Jan see Battle
of Nantwich)
end H
Feb by
29 H 172: Isle of Axholme cleared of
Royalist forces.
29 BCW: Parliamentarian forces from
29 H 172: Siege of
Mar 6 BCW: Meldrum (P) joined the siege of
8 BCW: storming of
12 BCW: The King ordered
21 H 172:
23 H 173:
27 G
20: Rupert left
Apr FNQ 1125:
8 G
20: King (P) took Crowland but left
25 H 173:
27 V 58: The constables of
May 3 H 173: Manchester
(P) entered lower
6 H 173:
14 FNQ 298: Ordinance for financing the forces of the
(specifically) seven Eastern Association.
16 V
58: A messenger of the Earl of
Manchester (P) was accommodated at South Kyme and supplied with a guide on his
journey to
Jun - early H 174: Royalists occupied
Jul 2 P 180: Battle of Marston
Moor. Cromwell (P) defeated Prince Rupert (R).
Aug H
County civil committee
including Sir Thos Trollope of Bourne, petitioned
PR x:
8/9 V 58: Capt. Harrington’s troop (P) , Major
Twistleton’s horse (P) and Col. Rainborow’s contingent (P) accommodated at
South Kyme. The last went on to Sleaford with a Kyme guide.
22 G
21: King, having antagonized
everyone, he was finally replaced as Governor of Boston. The new man was Thomas
Hatcher, of Careby.
Sep 2 BCW: The centre of English events was by now in
3 H Earl of
4 PR
x: Earl of
5 G
21: Earl of
6 PR 209: A soldier of the Earl of Manchester’s Regiment buried.
8 PR x: Earl of
8 BCW: Friction
between Cromwell (P) and both Crawford (P) and
mid H
174: Rossiter (P) was building
fortifications at Sleaford but was forced to withdraw to
late H
174: Much royalist raiding in
Kesteven and Lindsey.
Oct - early H
Royalists from Belvoir
plundered around
19 PT
89:
23 SLHI
Colonel Fleetwood was at
Horbling.
29 H Rossiter (P) surprised 2000 relief for Crowland at Denton.
end SLHI A large Parliamentary force had moved to
Bourne.
Nov 19 BCW: Eastern Association complained to
Parliament about the cost of retaining its regional army.
Dec - early H
Crowland surrendered.
H
Seizure of Gonerby
19 BCW: Parliamentarians’ friction resulted in
the Self-Denying Ordinance. MPs could no longer be military commanders.
WW 318-9: Blaeu’s Regiones Inundatae map published.
Jan 2 T The Hothams, father and son,
executed by Parliamentarians.
6 W Formation
of the New Model Army instigated.
10 P 181: Laud
executed.
Feb 24 BCW: Langdale (R) routed Rossiter’s (P) force
at Market Harborough.
Mar 31 BCW: Parliament imposed fixed taxes to
finance the New Model Army.
Apr W
New Model Army came into
being.
3 BCW: Revised Self-Denying Ordinance passed by
the Lords. Earls of Essex,
May T Leicester
attacked by Royalists to draw
SLHI
Winifred Browne petitioned
Parliament saying that the Royalists had taken all she had.
9 G
24: Following the Self Denying
Ordinance and the establishment of the New Model Army, Rossiter formally took
military control in
30 BCW:
31 T Fall of Leicester to Royalist forces.
Jun 1 P 181: Prince Rupert (R) captured and sacked Leicester.
10 H Hougham House seized by Royalists in the
absence of Rossiter who swiftly re-took it.
14 P 181: Battle of Naseby. Royalist
infantry defeated.
18 BB 64-5:
18 BCW:
20 BCW: Lord Leven and the Covenanters advanced
to
July 2 BCW: Covenanters moved westwards from
21 BCW:
25 BCW:
end G
24:
Aug 1 H Newarkers destroyed Torksey (P) fortifications.
8 H Rout of raiding Newarkers at Carlby.
15 BCW: King Charles at Welbeck.
18 BCW: The King advanced to
19 G
24-25: Parliament gave orders for the
strengthening of the defence works at
20 BCW: The King
withdrew towards
23 BCW: The
King’s army occupied and plundered Huntingdon.
Late T King Charles
withdrew via Newark to Huntingdon.
28 BCW: The
King’s army back in
Sep H
Estates near Sleaford
subject to taxes from both sides.
4 G
25: The rents from two sequestered
estates allowed by Parliament to
23 BCW: House of
Commons voted to ask Leven’s Scottish army to lay siege to
24 P 181: Battle of
Rowton Heath. Royalist cavalry defeated.
25 BCW: The King
left
Oct 4 BCW: The King
arrived at
mid T The King and Rupert were arguing
at Newark
11 PR x: The
King Charles was at
11 PR x: (folio 191d) The garrison
of Bourne Castle
began.
13 PR x: The king moved to Welbeck.
14 PR x: The
king returned to
16 BCW:
21 BCW:
26
BCW: Discontent in the Royal camp. Rupert
moved to Belvoir.
26 T Rupert withdrew
to Belvoir.
Nov 3 BCW: The King left
late H 176: Scots before
27 T Lord Leven’s Scottish army began
Third Siege of Newark.
27 BCW: Leven’s Covenanters and Poyntz’s Northern
Association army started the third siege of
Dec 2 G 26:
8 BCW:
Feb 3 H 176: Belvoir (R) captured.
Mar H
176: Newark closely invested.
May 5 P 181: Charles
surrendered to Scots at Southwell
[having passed through
6 BCW: The King ordered the surrender of
7 BCW: The King taken northwards from
8 H 176: Newark
surrendered13
13 BCW: The King arrived in
28 FNQ 860: John Oldfeild of Spalding,
having been a soldier at
Jun 24 P 182: Oxford surrendered.
Aug 19 B 49: Ł50/annum sequestered from Heckington
for the vicar of Bourne.
Oct 5 H 190: Kesteven quarter sessions at Folkingham:
Colonel King addressed the grand jury denouncing the
Lincolnshire Committee.
Dec 31 BCW: Lords and Commons agreed that the King should be taken to
Holmby House in Northants.
Jan 11 H 192: Sessions at Sleaford: Colonel King
addressed grand jury denouncing the Committee.
Feb 3 T Charles
left
16 T Charles arrived at Holdenby, in
Northamptonshire, in English Parliamentarian hands, [having passed through
Mar 1 G 27:
1 PT
89:
1648 < By this time there was much civil unrest throughout the country as Royalist
supporters staged demonstrations and unpaid soldiers and sailors complained.
Jan 29 SG
85: Bishops’ palace at
Jun 14 BCW: Insurrections in Lincs and Northants.
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Page References Chronology Years 1640 1641 1642 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648
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